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ADCC Rules Explained

The ADCC (Abu Dhabi Combat Club) ruleset governs the world's most prestigious submission wrestling championship. No gi, submission-first scoring, delayed points, and legal heel hooks make it distinct from every other major grappling format.

ADCC rules are submission-first, no-gi wrestling rules where submissions win instantly at any point in the match, but points for positional control only begin to count in the second half of regulation. The core aim is to reward athletes who actively hunt finishes rather than accumulate positional advantages. Understanding the scoring structure, overtime format, and permitted techniques is essential before entering any ADCC-style event.

The ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship, held every two years, is sanctioned by the Abu Dhabi Combat Club and features the world's best grapplers across multiple weight divisions. Local and regional promotions across Thailand and Southeast Asia commonly adopt these rules, sometimes with minor modifications for safety or participant experience level.

The ADCC Format and Philosophy

The single most important concept to grasp about ADCC rules is the split-period scoring structure. A standard men's match runs for ten minutes, divided into two five-minute halves. During the first five minutes, no positive points are awarded for positional control. Negative points (penalties) can be issued for stalling or for failed takedown attempts that gift the opponent a superior position, but there is no incentive to accumulate guard passes, back takes, or pins by themselves.

In the second five minutes, positive points become live. From that point onward, every positional advance scores in the same way it would in any points-based grappling competition. A submission at any stage of the match ends it immediately with a win for the finisher.

This structure was designed to push competitors to submit one another rather than play a conservative positional game. It also significantly shapes how athletes approach the opening exchanges: many choose to invest the first half entirely in submission attempts, knowing that a failed attempt costs them nothing unless their opponent capitalises on the position.

Women's divisions follow the same structure with an eight-minute match and four-minute halves rather than five.

ADCC Scoring at a Glance

The table below summarises the standard point values once the positive-points phase begins. All submissions score a win rather than points; positive points are positional rewards only.

Action Points Notes
Takedown (any clean takedown to the mat) 2 Must end in a dominant top position to score
Guard pass 3 Must hold the position for three seconds
Knee on belly 2 Must be stabilised for three seconds
Mount (including technical mount) 4 Must be held for three seconds
Back control (both hooks or body triangle) 4 Must be held for three seconds
Back control to mount (or vice versa) Additional 4 Each new dominant position scores separately
Submission Win Immediate victory at any point in the match
Negative point (penalty) −1 against offender Issued for stalling or fleeing the mat

Permitted and Prohibited Techniques

ADCC permits a broader range of techniques than most other grappling rulesets, particularly when it comes to leg attacks. The following outlines what is and is not allowed at official ADCC events. Individual promotions using ADCC-style rules may modify this list, so always confirm with the event organiser.

Permitted Techniques

  • All chokes and strangles (rear naked choke, guillotine, arm triangle, and variations)
  • Joint locks on the elbow (armbar, kimura, americana, straight arm lock)
  • Shoulder locks and wrist locks
  • Heel hooks, both inside and outside (reaping the knee is permitted)
  • Kneebars and toeholds
  • Calf slicers and bicep slicers
  • Ankle locks, including the straight ankle lock and variations
  • Guard pulling (pulling guard is not penalised, though it does not score positional points)

Prohibited Techniques

  • Neck cranks and cervical spine compression attacks
  • Spine locks beyond a natural range of motion
  • Slamming an opponent from a submission attempt to the mat with force
  • Small joint manipulation (fingers and toes individually)
  • Striking of any kind
  • Intentionally leaving the competition area to avoid a submission or position

Overtime and Tiebreakers

If the score is level at the end of regulation, the match moves to overtime. Overtime under ADCC rules differs from the negative-points opening phase: positive points are awarded from the very first moment of overtime, and negative points remain active. There is no initial stalling phase in overtime.

If the match is still tied after overtime, it proceeds to a submission-only period. In this phase, the first competitor to achieve a locked-in submission attempt is declared the winner, even if the opponent does not tap. The referee and a submission specialist on the panel assess whether the submission is fully applied, and that athlete wins.

If no submission is secured in any form, the judges make a decision based on aggression, submission attempts, and overall activity during the match.

ADCC Weight Divisions

ADCC uses its own weight divisions, which differ from IBJJF categories. The divisions below reflect the standard ADCC World Championship structure, though regional and local events may combine or modify categories based on registration numbers.

Division Weight Limit
Men under 66 kg Up to 66 kg
Men under 77 kg Up to 77 kg
Men under 88 kg Up to 88 kg
Men under 99 kg Up to 99 kg
Men over 99 kg 99 kg and above
Women under 60 kg Up to 60 kg
Women under 70 kg Up to 70 kg
Women over 70 kg 70 kg and above
Open weight (all divisions combined) No limit

ADCC Rules vs IBJJF Rules

If you have trained primarily for IBJJF competition, transitioning to ADCC-style events requires some tactical adjustment. The two formats share a positional scoring structure, but their philosophies diverge in several important ways. For a broader overview of how the two formats fit into the grappling landscape, see the guide to gi vs no-gi training.

Feature ADCC IBJJF
Gi required No (no-gi only) Yes for gi divisions; optional no-gi events
Points from start No (negative-points phase first) Yes
Heel hooks Legal at all levels Restricted by belt level; legal at brown/black no-gi
Reaping the knee Legal Prohibited
Guard pull penalty No penalty No penalty
Submission ends match instantly Yes Yes
Overtime format Points from start, then submission-only sudden death Golden score (first score wins)

Competing Under ADCC Rules in Thailand

Thailand hosts a growing number of submission wrestling events, particularly in Bangkok and Chiang Mai. Several promotions explicitly adopt ADCC-style rules, though the specific ruleset published by each event organiser may differ from official ADCC rules in areas such as heel hook legality at beginner or intermediate levels.

If you are preparing for your first ADCC-style event in Thailand, the most practical steps are to confirm the exact ruleset with the organiser well in advance, drill the negative-points-phase mindset in training (hunt submissions rather than stall for points), and ensure your leg-lock defence is solid given the expanded leg-lock permissions.

For a broader overview of the competition landscape, see the competitions hub. If you are new to competition grappling and want to understand how ADCC-style events fit alongside gi tournaments, the gi vs no-gi guide is a useful starting point.

Frequently Asked Questions

ADCC stands for Abu Dhabi Combat Club. It was founded in 1998 under the patronage of Sheikh Tahnoon Bin Zayed Al Nahyan to promote submission wrestling and grappling arts. The ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship is widely regarded as the most prestigious no-gi grappling event in the world.
No. In standard ADCC rules, points are not awarded during the first half of regulation time (the first five minutes in most divisions). This negative-points-only phase discourages stalling and encourages athletes to attack submissions rather than accumulate positional points. Points become available only in the second half of regulation.
A takedown is worth 2 points in ADCC, but only once the points phase of the match has begun. In the negative-points-only phase, a takedown earns no points but a failed takedown attempt that allows the opponent to gain a dominant position can result in a negative point against the attacker.
If the score is level at the end of regulation, the match goes to overtime. In overtime, points are awarded from the very start (no initial negative-points-only phase). If the match is still tied after overtime, a submission-only sudden-death period follows, where the first submission attempt that is locked in counts as a win.
No. ADCC is a strictly no-gi competition format. Athletes compete in shorts and a rash guard (or similar compression top). No kimono (gi), belt, or jacket is permitted. This is one of the key differences between ADCC and IBJJF-style competition.
Yes. Heel hooks, including inside heel hooks and outside heel hooks, are legal under ADCC rules. This is a significant difference from IBJJF rules, where heel hooks are restricted to higher belt levels in gi competition and permitted at brown and black belt in no-gi. ADCC's permissive leg-lock ruleset has made it the proving ground for modern leg-lock systems.
Most neck cranks are not permitted under standard ADCC rules. Chokes and strangles that restrict blood flow or air are legal, but direct cervical spine compression attacks are prohibited. Refer to the current official ADCC ruleset for the specific list of prohibited techniques, as rules are updated between championship cycles.
Standard ADCC matches are ten minutes for male divisions and eight minutes for female divisions. The first half of each period (five minutes for men, four for women) is the negative-points phase, and the second half is when positive points are available. Overtime periods vary in length depending on the round of the competition.
A negative point (or penalty point) is awarded against a competitor who stalls or attempts a takedown that is cleanly countered, allowing the opponent to gain a superior position. Negative points are primarily used during the opening phase of the match to penalise passive or stalling behaviour. At the end of regulation, the competitor with fewer negative points wins a tied match.
The main differences are: ADCC uses a submission-first scoring philosophy with a delayed points phase, while IBJJF no-gi awards points from the start; heel hooks and most leg attacks are legal in ADCC but restricted in IBJJF by belt level; and ADCC matches are slightly longer and use overtime with immediate points rather than sudden death alone. Both formats are no-gi, but the strategic emphasis differs considerably.
Yes. Several promotions in Thailand run events under ADCC-style or submission wrestling rules, particularly in Bangkok and Chiang Mai. Rule sets at local level sometimes differ slightly from official ADCC rules (for example, restricting heel hooks for less experienced competitors), so always read the specific ruleset published by the event organiser before registering.

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